See dürfen on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "darfar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: darfar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: darfar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "dürfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German dürfen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "durfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German durfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρπω",
"3": "",
"4": "I delight, please"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I delight, please”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tharf"
},
"expansion": "English tharf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German dürfen, durfen, from Old High German durfan, from Proto-West Germanic *þurban, cognate with Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I delight, please”), English tharf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "darf",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "darf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "darfst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dürft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "darf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "durften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "dürften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "durftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "durftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "dürftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dürfen<pretpres.darf#durfte,gedurft,dürfte>"
},
"expansion": "dürfen (preterite-present, third-person singular present darf, past tense durfte, past participle gedurft, past subjunctive dürfte, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dürfen<pretpres.darf#durfte,gedurft,dürfte>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "können"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mögen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "müssen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930, “act 2, scene 2”, in Bertolt Brecht (lyrics), Kurt Weil (music), Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny:",
"text": "Erstens, vergesst nicht, kommt das Fressen, / zweitens kommt der Liebesakt, / drittens das Boxen nicht vergessen, / viertens Saufen, laut Kontrakt. / Vor allem aber achtet scharf, dass man hier alles dürfen darf.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "May I go?",
"text": "Darf ich gehen?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was allowed to go.",
"text": "Ich habe gehen dürfen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may"
],
"id": "en-dürfen-de-verb-cnO7yHXF",
"links": [
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"permit",
"permit"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "infinitive replaces past participle",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, infinitive replaces past participle) to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"preterite-present"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yes, you may.",
"text": "Ja, du darfst.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was allowed [to do] it.",
"text": "Ich habe es gedurft.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may"
],
"id": "en-dürfen-de-verb-aUyzwG4Q",
"links": [
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"permit",
"permit"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive or transitive, past participle as above) to be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as above"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"participle",
"past",
"preterite-present",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 56 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 25 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 51 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 58 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The train should (will probably) be here in a few minutes.",
"text": "Der Zug dürfte in ein paar Minuten ankommen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The walls of the apartments are probably a bit thin.",
"roman": "Die Wohnungen dürften ein wenig hellhörig sein.",
"text": "1934, Walther Kabel (as Max Schraut), Der Bluffer, Verlag moderner Lektüre, page 54",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses a prediction with mild doubt, that something is estimated or probable"
],
"id": "en-dürfen-de-verb-hoA93-QI",
"raw_glosses": [
"(subjunctive II, auxiliary) expresses a prediction with mild doubt, that something is estimated or probable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"preterite-present",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And I can clean up after you once again then.",
"text": "Und ich darf dann wieder hinter euch aufräumen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"id": "en-dürfen-de-verb-fYA8yg-0",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) to must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"preterite-present"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again, the head to the feet, I have no need of you.",
"roman": "ES kan das Auge nicht sagen zu der Hand / Jch darff dein nicht. Oder widerumb das Heubt zu den Füssen / Jch darff ewer nicht.",
"text": "1545, Martin Luther, et al. (translators), Biblia, Hans Lufft, 1 Cor. 12:21",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need, to require"
],
"id": "en-dürfen-de-verb-OmZizXzK",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive, with genitive) to need, to require"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bedürfen"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"preterite-present",
"transitive",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʏrfən/",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʏʁf(ə)n]",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʏɐ̯f(ə)n]",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʏrfən/",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏrfən]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏrfɛn]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏɐ̯fn̩]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-dürfen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De-dürfen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dürfen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German modal verbs",
"German preterite-present verbs",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "darfar",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: darfar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: darfar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "dürfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German dürfen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "durfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German durfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρπω",
"3": "",
"4": "I delight, please"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I delight, please”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tharf"
},
"expansion": "English tharf",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German dürfen, durfen, from Old High German durfan, from Proto-West Germanic *þurban, cognate with Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I delight, please”), English tharf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "darf",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "darf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "darfst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dürft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "darf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "durften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "dürften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "durftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "durftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "dürftet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "durfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "durften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gedurft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dürfen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden dürfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gedurft haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gedurft haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dürfen<pretpres.darf#durfte,gedurft,dürfte>"
},
"expansion": "dürfen (preterite-present, third-person singular present darf, past tense durfte, past participle gedurft, past subjunctive dürfte, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dürfen<pretpres.darf#durfte,gedurft,dürfte>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "können"
},
{
"word": "mögen"
},
{
"word": "müssen"
},
{
"word": "sollen"
},
{
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German auxiliary verbs",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930, “act 2, scene 2”, in Bertolt Brecht (lyrics), Kurt Weil (music), Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny:",
"text": "Erstens, vergesst nicht, kommt das Fressen, / zweitens kommt der Liebesakt, / drittens das Boxen nicht vergessen, / viertens Saufen, laut Kontrakt. / Vor allem aber achtet scharf, dass man hier alles dürfen darf.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "May I go?",
"text": "Darf ich gehen?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was allowed to go.",
"text": "Ich habe gehen dürfen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may"
],
"links": [
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"permit",
"permit"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"qualifier": "infinitive replaces past participle",
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary, infinitive replaces past participle) to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"preterite-present"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs",
"German terms with usage examples",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yes, you may.",
"text": "Ja, du darfst.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I was allowed [to do] it.",
"text": "Ich habe es gedurft.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may"
],
"links": [
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"permit",
"permit"
],
[
"may",
"may"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive or transitive, past participle as above) to be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as above"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"participle",
"past",
"preterite-present",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German auxiliary verbs",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The train should (will probably) be here in a few minutes.",
"text": "Der Zug dürfte in ein paar Minuten ankommen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The walls of the apartments are probably a bit thin.",
"roman": "Die Wohnungen dürften ein wenig hellhörig sein.",
"text": "1934, Walther Kabel (as Max Schraut), Der Bluffer, Verlag moderner Lektüre, page 54",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses a prediction with mild doubt, that something is estimated or probable"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(subjunctive II, auxiliary) expresses a prediction with mild doubt, that something is estimated or probable"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"preterite-present",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And I can clean up after you once again then.",
"text": "Und ich darf dann wieder hinter euch aufräumen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to must, to have to"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) to must, to have to"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"preterite-present"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with obsolete senses",
"German terms with quotations",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again, the head to the feet, I have no need of you.",
"roman": "ES kan das Auge nicht sagen zu der Hand / Jch darff dein nicht. Oder widerumb das Heubt zu den Füssen / Jch darff ewer nicht.",
"text": "1545, Martin Luther, et al. (translators), Biblia, Hans Lufft, 1 Cor. 12:21",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need, to require"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive, with genitive) to need, to require"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bedürfen"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"preterite-present",
"transitive",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʏrfən/",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʏʁf(ə)n]",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʏɐ̯f(ə)n]",
"note": "most of Germany"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʏrfən/",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏrfən]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏrfɛn]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̥ʏɐ̯fn̩]",
"note": "parts of southern Germany; Austria, Switzerland"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-dürfen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/De-at-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "De-dürfen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/De-d%C3%BCrfen.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dürfen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dürfen meaning in All languages combined (20.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.